1.安装`django、mysqlclient`库：
pip install django mysqlclient -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
2.创建项目和应用：
django-admin startproject mysite cd mysite python manage.py startapp blog
3.在`mysite/settings.py`中配置MySQL数据库和注册应用：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'mydatabase',
'USER': 'myuser',
'PASSWORD': 'mypassword',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '3306',
}
}
INSTALLED_APPS = [
......
'blog',
]
4.在`blog/models.py`文件中创建模型：
from django.db import models
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
content = models.TextField()
pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
5.创建数据表(根据模型迁移数据)：
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
6.创建`blog/forms.py`文件，并在其中创建表单，用来处理文章发布：
from django import forms
from .models import Article
class ArticleForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Article
fields = ['title', 'content']
widgets = {
'title': forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),
'content': forms.Textarea(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),
}
7.在`blog/views.py`文件中创建视图，用来处理文章的发布和浏览：
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404
from .models import Article
from .forms import ArticleForm
def article_list(request):
articles = Article.objects.all()
return render(request, 'blog/article_list.html', {'articles': articles})
def article_create(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ArticleForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('article_list')
else:
form = ArticleForm()
return render(request, 'blog/article_create.html', {'form': form})
def article_detail(request, article_id):
article = get_object_or_404(Article, id=article_id)
return render(request, 'blog/article_detail.html', {'article': article})
8.创建`blog/templates/blog`目录，并在下面创建三个模板文件：
文章列表`article_list.html`:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<h2>文章列表</h2>
<ul>
{% for article in articles %}
<li>
<a href="{% url 'article_detail' article.id %}">{{ article.title }}</a>
<small> {{ article.pub_date }}</small>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<a href="{% url 'article_create' %}">发布新文章</a>
{% endblock %}
发布文章`article_create.html`:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<h2>发布新文章</h2>
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
<label for="id_title">标题:</label>
<div>{{ form.title }}</div>
</div>
<div>
<label for="id_content">内容:</label>
<div>{{ form.content }}</div>
</div>
<button>返回</button>
<button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}
文章详情`article_detail.html`:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<h1>{{ article.title }}</h1>
<div>
<span> {{ article.pub_date }}</span>
<a href="#"><i></i> </a>
<a href="#"><i></i> </a>
<a href="#"><i></i> </a>
</div>
<p>{{ article.content }}</p>
<a href="#">上一篇</a>
<a href="#">下一篇</a>
{% endblock %}
9.创建`mysite/templates/base.html`基础模板，用于bootstrap美化页面：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>示例网站</title>
<!-- CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.6.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<nav>
<div>
<a href="/">示例网站</a>
<div id="navbarScroll">
<ul style="max-height: 100px;">
<li><a href="/">主页</a></li>
<li><a href="#">移动</a></li>
<li><a href="#">铁通</a></li>
<li><a href="#">IDC</a></li>
<li><a href="#">信安</a></li>
<li><a href="#">政企云</a></li>
</ul>
<form>
<input type="search" placeholder="输入关键字" aria-label="Search">
<button type="submit">search</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div>
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
10.在 `mysite/urls.py` 文件中配置路由：
from django.urls import path
from blog.views import article_create, article_list, article_detail
urlpatterns = [
path('', article_list, name='article_list'),
path('create/', article_create, name='article_create'),
path('detail/<int:article_id>/', article_detail, name='article_detail'),
]
11.运行Django开发服务器来查看的网站：
python manage.py runserver
在浏览器中访问`http://127.0.0.1:8000/`，你应该可以看到文章列表页面。